NECO GCE 2021 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE ESSAY AND OBJ ANSWERS

 AGRIC OBJ

1-10 BAACBABBAA

11-20 CDCBAACEAA

21-30 AEEBDDDECD

31-40 CBCBECEDBD

41-50 EBEAACBEDE

51-60 BEAAEEBABA

(1ai)

Farm surveying is defined as series of activities, mainly measurements, performed in the field to locate the farm land, delineate its boundaries, determine its size and produce a map of the farmland

(1ai)

(i) It helps to know the size of the farm

(ii) It helps in the production of the soil map of the farm

(iii) It ensures good planning of the farmstead

(iv) It demarcates the farm boundaries and identifies its features and the location

(v) It can be used for feasibility studie

(1b)

(i) It preserve rural livelihoods and farmland

(ii) It increase access to fresh, nutritious foo

(ii) It stimulate local economie

(1c)

(i) Abuse of Office

A fault of the Land Use Act was in the transfer of title and ownership of land from individuals and communities to the Governors who hold the land in trust but many of whom have been known to have abused the power and privileges conferred on them by the Act. Section 22 requires the acquisition of Governor’s consent before a statutory right of occupancy can be alienated as this is necessary where there is a transfer of title from a vendor to a purchaser

(ii) Delay in land acquisitio

Acquisition of land by individuals and corporate bodies for commercial and economic development purposes have been extremely difficult as a result of the Land Use Act. The government’s approval amongst other reasons from the Land Use Act results in the delay in making land accessible to an average Nigerian

(iii)Escalation in cos

The Land Use Act lead to escalation in the cost of land survey. There is reduction in boundary disputes since survey of acquired land is mandatory for occupancy right to be granted

(v) It prevents fragmentation of lan

The land act use has encouraged dishonesty through illegal sale and backdating of ownership or title deeds after 1978. Land is not necessarily allocated to every potential agricultural developer. It has prevented fragmentation of land since land acquired under the decree cannot be shared into bits

(1d)

(i) Large scale farming is encouraged

(ii) Land can be used as security for loans

(2a)

(i)Non-Implementation of Government Policies.

(ii)Lack of Modernization and Mechanization.

(iii)Illiteracy,Ignorance and Lack of Funds.

(iv)Poor Infrastructure/ Lack of Social Amenities.

(v)Absence of Modern Storage/Processing Facilities.

(vi)Loss of Land to Natural Disaster.

(2b)

(i)It can be used for pushing or pulling agricultural machinery or trailers.

(ii)It is for ploughing for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting

(iii)It is also used to cut up unwanted weeds or crop remainders.

(iv)planters are used for different types of crops. These planters are readily available on the market

(v)Landscaping and Land Clearing. In other words it can also be use in Shifting Extra Heavy Things

(2c)

(i)Land tenure system: The types of land ownership in Nigeria do not allow the use of farm machines.

(ii) Poverty of farmers: Some farmers are poor and cannot afford to own farm machines.

(iii) Inadequate machines and facilities: Are not enough where they are available.

(iv) Bad nature of land (Topography): The topography of west African lands are rough and too bad for mechanization.

(v)Soil types: the soil type of West African do not suit mechanization and suitable machines have not been produced.

(4ai)

Drainage is the removal of excess water which may be caused by rainfall, too much irrigation water or other origins such as canal seepage or floods, either from the ground surface or from the rootzone.

(4aii)

(i) It is often more costly to implement per unit area compared to surface drainage

(ii) It can contaminate bodies of water if not properly maintained

(4b)

[Pick Any THREE]

(i) Rain

(ii) Temperature

(iii) Time

(iv) Topography

(4ci)

TEMPERATURE:

(i) Increase in temperature helps in binding of the soil.

(ii) High temperature brings about weathering in soil

(4cii)

SOLUTION:

(i) It increases the degree of weathering and therefore the extent of soil development.

(ii) It results to decrease in soil PH

(4di)

(i) A good soil structure is important to allow air and water into the soil which are vital for healthy plant growth

(ii) It will improve drainage and reduce soil erosion caused by excess surface run-off

(iii) It prevents anaerobism, waterlogging and nutrient lock-up and ultimately of plants

(4dii)

(i) The structural units are approximately spherical or polyhedral.

(ii) They are bounded by curved or very irregular faces that are not casts of adjoining peds.

(6a)

(i) It reduces the quality of the crop

(ii) It reduces the market value of the crop

(iii) It affects the growth of the crop

(iv) It reduces the fertility of their seeds

(6b)

(i) Early planting

(ii) Early harvesting

(iii) Crop rotation

(iv) Mixed cropping

(6c)

(i) Maize rust: Elongated postules on both leaf

(ii) Cowpea leaf spot: Stunted growth

(iii) Groundnut Rosette: Mottling of the foliage

(iv) Coffee leaf rust: Yellowish colour if leaf

(6d)

(i) Selective exploration

(ii) Reforestation

(iii) Regeneration

(iv) Taungya system

(7ai)
Parturition can be defined as the process of giving birth in farm animals

(7aii)
(i) Restlessness
(ii) Redness of the vulva
(iii) Bloated abdomen
(iv) Mucous discharge

(7b)
(i) It Protects delicate organs in the body
(ii) It helps in temperature regulation
(iii) It provides vitamin for animals
(iv) It prevents entrance of ducts into the body

(7c)
(i)To prevent feed wastage
(ii)To prevent cannibalism
(iii)To prevent feather pulling

(7d)
(i)It affects feeds intake leading to low milk production
(ii)It enhances the spread of diseases which thereby affect milk productions

(10a)

Agricultural Extension can be defined as an informal system of education whereby information on new Innovations and ideas are disseminated to farmers

(10b)

(i) Individual contact method: This involves direct contact between the farmers and the extension officers. Such method includes farm and home visits, office call, telephone calls, correspondence and result demonstrations

(ii) Group contact method: This involves the extension officers and a group of farmers. It includes methods and result demonstrations, general meetings, lectures, workshops, field works and excursions.

(iii) Mass media: This method involves the reaching of many people with extension messages. These messages must be general so as to be of interest to all. Such mass media include posters, agricultural shows , leaflets, cinema, newspaper/magazines, radio and television

(10c)

(i) Farm valuation

(ii) Farm income statement

(iii) Sales account

(iv) Purchase account

(10d)

-Labour-

(i)they are responsible for the production of a good, including factory workers, managers, salespeople,

(ii)they produce adequate designed the machinery used in production.

-Entrepreneur-

(i)They combine all the other factors of production to conceptualize, create, and produce the product or service.

(ii)They are the drivers behind any technical change in the economic system